Lecture 43: Gradient Theorem | Lecture 43

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Also check out this 補充: Conservative of a Vector Field

Lecture 44: Conservative Vector Fields | Lecture 44

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Lecture 45: Conservation of Energy | Lecture 45

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If $\vec{F}$ is a conservative vector field 表示寫成某個 scalar field $V$ 的 gradient, i.e. $\vec{F}=-\nabla V$, 所以

$$ \int_C\vec{F}\cdot d\vec{r}=-\int_C\nabla V\cdot d\vec{r} $$

由 gradient theorem 知道 $dV=\nabla V\cdot d\vec{r}$ (directional deravitive) 所以

$$ =-\int_C dV = -(V_f-V_i) $$

再由 work energy theorem 知道

$$ \int_C\vec{F}\cdot d\vec{r}=T_f-T_i,\quad\text{where }T=\frac{1}{2}m|\vec{v}|^2 $$

所以得到 conservation of energy

$$ -(V_f-V_i)=T_f-T_i \\ \Longrightarrow T_i+V_i=T_f+V_f $$

[Lecture 17: Gradient | Lecture 17](https://bobondemon.notion.site/Lecture-17-Gradient-Lecture-17-143edc3d531d80a3a954d8c22304f70b) 我們知道

$$

\nabla\left(\frac{1}{r}\right) = -\frac{\vec{r}}{r^3} $$

所以可以得到 potential scalar field 為

$$ V=-G\frac{mM}{r} $$